Re-edit of an earlier post: When his father died when he was only three months old,
Charles-Camille Saint-Saëns
was raised by his mother in Paris and continued to live with her until
her death. He became one of the world’s most famous composers in his
day, but he was a homosexual possessed of a complicated private life,
which often revealed a dark side.
Saint-Saëns was a child prodigy (on the level of Mozart), and made his
debut as a concert pianist in 1846, before his eleventh birthday. Once as an
encore, Saint-Saëns offered to play any of Beethoven's 32 piano sonatas
from memory. Word of this incredible experience spread across Europe and
as far as the United States, where it was mentioned in an article in a
Boston newspaper. Having all 32 of Beethoven’s sonatas in one's fingers,
ready for concert performance, was an unheard-of feat (then as now), all
the more astonishing when offered by a ten year old.
By the age of 13, Saint-Saëns was attending the Paris Conservatory. He
soon gained recognition among his peers as an organ virtuoso, eventually
attaining the highly coveted position of chief organist at the
Madeleine Church in Paris, a post he held from 1858, at the age of 23,
until he was 42 years old. His weekly organ improvisations captured the
attention of all Paris. As a composer, he was highly versatile, writing
operas, symphonies, concertos, much chamber music, masses and other
choral works, songs and solo literature for organ and piano. His opera
Samson et Dalila
still ranks among the standard repertoire of opera houses all over the
world. His music was wildly popular during his lifetime, and he was
well-connected with other composers, particularly Hector Berlioz
and Franz Liszt.
Gabriel Fauré, who was Saint-Saëns's favorite pupil, soon became his closest friend.
His now popular
Le Carnaval des animaux (The Carnival of
the Animals, 1886), for two pianos and orchestra, was intended as a
private entertainment for friends, and Saint-Saëns forbade its public
performance during his lifetime. The part of the narrator, now
frequently included during performance, was added by others after his
death. It is a little-known fact that Saint-Saëns had the distinction of
being the first noted composer to write a musical score for a motion
picture,
The Assassination of the Duke of Guise (L'assassinat du duc de Guise, 1908), featuring actors of the
Comédie Française in Paris.
Once called a second Mozart, Saint-Saëns soon made many enemies, who
were envious of his stellar success and disdainful of his biting
sarcasm. Later in life he was declared to be a “composer of bad music
well written.” In old age he came to be mocked for his rabid
conservatism, his dislike of modern music, the campaigns he mounted
against French composers
Claude Debussy and
Cesar Franck, his shocked disapproval of Stravinsky's
Rite of Spring
(allegedly infuriated over what he considered the misuse of the bassoon
in the ballet's opening bars) and his insistence, during World War I,
that all German music be suppressed. He was never shy with opinion.
Saint-Saëns was a true polymath. In addition to conquering the world of
music as composer, conductor, critic, teacher and concert organist and
pianist, he excelled in the fields of geology, archaeology, botany,
mathematics and lepidoptery. He held discussions with Europe's finest
scientists and wrote scholarly articles on acoustics, occult sciences,
ancient theatre decoration, and early musical instruments. Saint-Saëns
wrote a philosophical work that spoke of science and art replacing
religion, and his pessimistic and atheistic ideas foreshadowed
Existentialism. Other literary achievements included poetry and a
successful farcical play. He was also a member of the
Astronomical Society of France,
giving lectures on mirages; he had a telescope made to his own
specifications and planned concerts to correspond to astronomical
events, such as solar eclipses.
The private life of Camille Saint-Saëns was filled with turmoil. He was
homosexual but realized how much marrying would bolster his reputation.
Understandably, he showed little outward sign of wanting to marry.
However in 1875, at the age of almost 40, he began an affair with
nineteen year old
Marie-Laure Truffot, which led to marriage.
Immediately after their wedding, Saint-Saëns declared that he was too
busy for a honeymoon and took Marie straight home to live with his
mother. Thereafter the composer treated his wife with deep disdain,
until the arrival of children brought out a more sympathetic side. But
tragedy intervened when both children died within six weeks of each
other in 1878. André, aged two, fell from a fourth floor window, and
soon afterward his baby brother Jean became ill and died. Saint-Saëns
blamed Marie for the children's deaths, and a short time later he walked
out on her in the middle of a holiday trip. Though there was no
divorce, Marie never saw him again.
Saint-Saëns was solitary and secretive, prone to disappearing for weeks
at a time. He could also be a remarkable host, often entertaining
friends lavishly at his Paris home, where his performances in drag were
well-known among his circle, particularly his impersonation of
Marguerite, the female soprano lead in Charles Gounod's opera
Faust. He is reputed to have danced in ballerina tutus for the entertainment of fellow gay composer,
Tchaikovsky.
After abandoning his wife, Saint-Saëns traveled extensively. He began
spending winters in French-speaking Algeria, which became a favored
holiday spot for European homosexuals who enjoyed the adolescent male
companionship easily available there. He was quoted as saying, "I am not
a homosexual, I am a pederast." Saint-Saëns died of pneumonia in
Algiers, at the age of 86, on December 16, 1921.
Have a listen to his hugely popular orchestral work,
Danse Macabre. I’m sure you’ll recognize it.
Trivia: Pianist Franz Liszt made an astonishing piano solo transcription of this piece.